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Bone Grafting: What to Expect Before, During, and After the Procedure

Written by Northwest Oral Content Team | May 23, 2025 4:00:00 PM

Have you been told you need a bone graft before getting dental implants? If so, you're not alone as more than half of dental implant patients (58 percent) will likely require bone grafting.

Many bone grafting patients may feel anxious, but understanding the process can ease your concerns.

Bone grafting is a sophisticated yet common procedure that creates a solid foundation for dental implants, restoring both function and confidence.

“Bone grafting can be used in medical/dental procedures, such as tooth extractions, dental implant placement, facial trauma treatment and reconstructive surgery of the mouth, face and jaws. The goal of bone grafting is to provide good quantity and quality of bone at the desired site for proper form and function,” explains the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) .

This guide will walk you through everything you need to know about this life-changing procedure.

Why Bone Grafting Might Be Necessary

Your natural teeth do more than just help you chew and speak clearly. Their roots extend deep into your jawbone, providing stimulation that maintains bone density and strength.

When a tooth is lost or extracted, that stimulation disappears, and the bone begins to recede — a process called resorption. Within just the first year after tooth loss, you can lose up to 25 percent of your jawbone width in that area.

Bone grafting becomes necessary in several situations:

  • After tooth loss or extraction: When teeth have been missing for months or years.
  • Following dental infections: Where bacteria have damaged surrounding bone.
  • After trauma: When facial injuries affect the jaw structure. 
  • Post-surgical removal: After cysts or tumors have been removed. 
  • Congenital defects: In cases of developmental bone insufficiency. 

Without adequate bone volume, dental implants cannot be properly anchored. A successful implant requires not just sufficient height but also width of bone — something many patients lack after experiencing tooth loss.

“Bone grafting to facilitate dental implant therapy enables patients improve their capacity for more effective chewing and can improve appearance when visible missing teeth are replaced. Improved function also includes improved speech when missing teeth affects a patient’s ability to speak normally,” says AAOMS.

Types of Bone Grafting Materials

Your natural teeth do more than just help you chew and speak clearly. Their roots extend deep into your jawbone, providing stimulation that maintains bone density and strength.

When a tooth is lost or extracted, that stimulation disappears, and the bone begins to recede — a process called resorption. Within just the first year after tooth loss, you can lose up to 25 percent of your jawbone width in that area.

Bone grafting becomes necessary in several situations:

  • After tooth loss or extraction: When teeth have been missing for months or years.
  • Following dental infections: Where bacteria have damaged surrounding bone.
  • After trauma: When facial injuries affect the jaw structure. 
  • Post-surgical removal: After cysts or tumors have been removed. 
  • Congenital defects: In cases of developmental bone insufficiency. 

Without adequate bone volume, dental implants cannot be properly anchored. A successful implant requires not just sufficient height but also width of bone — something many patients lack after experiencing tooth loss.

“Bone grafting to facilitate dental implant therapy enables patients improve their capacity for more effective chewing and can improve appearance when visible missing teeth are replaced. Improved function also includes improved speech when missing teeth affects a patient’s ability to speak normally,” says AAOMS.

Types of Bone Grafting Materials

Modern bone grafting offers several source options, each with specific advantages:

Autografts: Bone harvested from your own body, typically from the jaw, hip, or tibia. This option offers excellent compatibility (and no disease transmission risk) but requires an additional surgical site.

Allografts: Human donor bone that has been carefully processed and sterilized. This eliminates the need for a second surgical site while still providing an excellent framework for new bone growth.

Xenografts: Derived from animal sources (typically bovine or equine), these materials have had all organic components removed, leaving only the mineral structure that supports bone regeneration.

Alloplastics: Synthetic materials specifically engineered to mimic natural bone composition. These biocompatible materials provide scaffolding for your own bone cells to grow.

Growth factors: Advanced biologics like Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) or Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) may be used alongside grafting materials to accelerate healing and bone formation.

Your oral surgeon will recommend the most appropriate material based on the location and extent of bone loss, your medical history, and the planned restoration.

The Bone Grafting Procedure: Step by Step

Before the Procedure

  1. Comprehensive evaluation: Your oral surgeon will conduct a thorough examination, including 3D imaging, to assess your bone structure and determine the extent of grafting needed.
  2. Treatment planning: Based on your unique situation, your surgeon will develop a customized treatment plan, explaining the type of graft recommended and expected timeline.
  3. Pre-operative instructions: You'll receive guidelines about medications, eating restrictions, and other preparations before surgery.

During the Procedure

  1. Anesthesia: Depending on the complexity of your case and personal preference, you may receive local anesthesia, conscious sedation, or general anesthesia.
  2. Site preparation: The area is cleaned and prepared to receive the grafting material.
  3. Graft placement: The chosen grafting material is carefully positioned in the deficient area.
  4. Membrane application: In many cases, a protective membrane is placed over the graft to prevent soft tissue from growing into the bone area and to protect the site during healing.
  5. Wound closure: The tissue is repositioned, and sutures are placed to secure the site.

The entire procedure typically takes 45-90 minutes, depending on the extent of grafting needed.

After the Procedure

  1. Initial healing period (24-72 hours): You may experience swelling, minor discomfort, and possibly some bruising. Prescribed pain medication and cold compresses can help manage these symptoms.
  2. Early recovery (1-2 weeks): Soft tissue healing occurs, and you'll likely follow a soft food diet while taking prescribed antibiotics to prevent infection.
  3. Bone integration (3-9 months): While you may feel back to normal within weeks, the bone graft needs time to fully integrate with your natural bone. This process, called osseointegration, is crucial for creating a solid foundation for implants.

What to Expect During Recovery

Immediate aftercare: Following your procedure, you'll receive detailed instructions for care, including:

  • How to manage swelling and discomfort. 
  • Oral hygiene modifications around the surgical site. 
  • Dietary recommendations (typically soft foods for several days). 

Follow-up appointments: Regular check-ups will allow your surgeon to monitor healing and determine when the site is ready for implant placement.

Healing timeline: While soft tissue healing occurs within weeks, complete bone maturation takes several months. Patience during this phase is essential for optimal results.

Common Questions About Bone Grafting

Is bone grafting painful? During the procedure, you'll be completely comfortable under anesthesia. Post-operative discomfort is typically mild to moderate and can be managed effectively with prescribed medications.

How long until I can receive dental implants? The waiting period varies based on the extent of grafting and your body's healing response. Minor grafts may be ready for implants in 3-4 months, while larger reconstructions might require 6-9 months.

What are the success rates for bone grafting? When performed by board-certified oral surgeons, bone grafting procedures have success rates over 95 percent. Following aftercare instructions precisely significantly improves outcomes.

Will insurance cover bone grafting? Many dental insurance plans provide partial coverage for bone grafting, especially when it's medically necessary. Our office staff can help you understand your benefits and explore financing options.

The Importance of Specialized Care

Bone grafting is a sophisticated procedure that requires specialized training and experience. Board-certified oral and maxillofacial surgeons complete at least four years of hospital-based surgical residency training beyond dental school, gaining extensive experience in bone grafting techniques.

“An oral and maxillofacial surgeon (OMS) is an expert in bone reconstruction and will help you make the best decision about what kind of bone to use and how best to use it,” says AAOMS.

At Northwest Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, our board-certified surgeons perform thousands of successful bone grafting procedures each year and are trained in various techniques of bone grafting to the dentoalveolar region. We combine extensive clinical expertise with the latest technological advances to provide optimal outcomes with minimal discomfort.

Taking the Next Step

If you've been told you need bone grafting or are considering dental implants, consulting with a specialist is your crucial first step. Contact Northwest Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery today to schedule a comprehensive evaluation to determine if bone grafting is necessary for your specific situation.